Human eyesight is precious. Unsurprisingly, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is a significant concern for many older adults. As we age, our vision deteriorates, and the risk of AMD increases.
Fortunately, if diagnosed early enough, there are ways to stop and even reverse this condition. Here, we’ll discuss what AMD is, who is at risk for it, its symptoms and diagnosis, treatments, prevention strategies, and management tips.
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an age-related eye condition affecting the central part of the macula’s retina. The macula is responsible for sharp, central vision and, when damaged, can cause blurred or distorted vision, blank spots in your field of vision, or blind spots.
AMD affects over 10 million people in the United States and is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over 50. The condition is classified as either “dry” or “wet,” depending on the type of damage that has occurred.
Who is at risk for AMD?
Anyone over 50 can develop AMD, but certain factors increase your risk: smoking, a family history of AMD, obesity, and a diet low in nutrients and vitamins. Women are more likely to be affected than men, and people of specific ethnic backgrounds also have a higher risk.
People with diabetes, those with cataract surgery or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and people with high blood pressure are also at higher risk for AMD.
Symptoms of AMD
The symptoms of AMD are often subtle and may go unnoticed for some time.
Visual changes
The most common symptom of AMD is changing your vision, such as blurry or distorted vision, reduced central idea, or blind spots. You may also experience difficulty reading, driving at night, and adjusting to new glare. In some cases, AMD progresses slowly, and individuals may not notice the symptoms until the condition has advanced.
When to seek help from an eye care professional
If you are experiencing any of these signs or symptoms, seeking help from an eye care professional is essential. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce your risk of severe vision loss.
Diagnosis and Treatment of AMD
To diagnose AMD, your eye care professional will perform a comprehensive eye exam and may use special diagnostic tests.
Diagnostic tests used to diagnose AMD
During the eye exam, your doctor may use various diagnostic tests to identify the presence of AMD. These include ocular coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence imaging.
Common treatments for AMD
Once diagnosed, treatment will depend on the type of AMD you have. For dry AMD, treatments may include vitamins and nutritional supplements such as lutein/zeaxanthin to slow the progression of the disease. In certain situations, the use of low-vision aids may be advised.
For wet AMD, treatments may include laser therapy and injections of medications such as anti-VEGF drugs to control abnormal blood vessel growth. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is also an option for wet AMD patients.
Prevention and Management of AMD
While there is no cure for AMD, there are ways to reduce your risk and manage the condition.
Lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of developing AMD
Quitting smoking and eating a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce your risk of developing AMD. Wearing sunglasses to protect your eyes from UV radiation and managing other conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol can also help.
Nutritional strategies to prevent or manage AMD
Eating a diet rich in dark leafy greens, colorful fruits and vegetables, fatty fish, nuts and seeds, and eggs is a great way to get the necessary vitamins and minerals to help prevent or manage AMD. Omega-3 fatty acids are especially beneficial for eye health and can be found in foods such as fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, and avocados.
Conclusion
One should treat Age-Related Macular Degeneration actively and seriously due to its potential dangers.
While there is no cure, regular eye exams and treatments can help those with AMD stay healthy.
If you notice any changes in your vision, you must ask your doctor about the possibility of AMD. Early detection and treatment are crucial to managing the condition and preserving healthy vision. Thank you for taking the time to learn more about Age-Related Macular Degeneration!
Take care of your eyes—they’re the only ones you’ve got.
Dr. Joseph Cohen O.D.
Woodland Hills Optometrist
Receive an Excellent Service and Comprehensive Eye Care
(818) 345-3937
Providing service in English and Farsi
19737 Ventura Blvd., Suite 201, Woodland Hills, CA 91364